Across the globe, food lovers cherish regional specialties that have been perfected over centuries, celebrating their unique qualities deeply rooted in local traditions, climate, and craftsmanship. And just as the UK protects its iconic Cheddar cheese, Cornish pasties, and clotted cream, the world has a rich variety of foods granted protected status that each country prides over. But what is ‘protected status’, why does it matter, and which countries have the most protected foods?

Protected status, whether it’s the European Union’s PDO, Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), or Traditional Specialty Guaranteed (TSG), is a certification that restricts the production of certain foods to specific regions and production methods. This means only products genuinely originating from the designated area, crafted according to traditional practices, can use the name.

Protected status matters because:

1. It Preserves Tradition - Protected status safeguards generations-old recipes and production methods that might otherwise vanish under industrialised food production.
2. It Provides Economic Benefits - It boosts local economies by giving producers exclusive rights to market their product under a respected name, encouraging sustainable rural development.
3. It Creates Consumer Trust - Labels like PDO provide consumers with confidence that what they’re buying is genuine, high-quality, and ethically produced.
4. It Protects Cultural Identity - Food is culture, and protected status helps maintain regional identity in a globalised world.

Whilst many countries have protected foods, some go above and beyond in preserving their culinary heritage. According to Gousto’s data on protected foods worldwide, here are the top 10 nations with the most registered protected foods:

1. Italy – Italy boasts hundreds of PDO and PGI products, from cheeses like Parmigiano Reggiano and Mozzarella di Bufala to balsamic vinegar and Parma ham.
2. France – Famous for its sophisticated cheeses, wines, and cured meats, France’s list includes iconic items like Roquefort, Champagne, and Camembert.
3. Spain – Spain’s rich variety includes Jamon Iberico, Manchego cheese, and Valencia oranges.
4. Portugal – Known for its distinctive cured meats, cheeses, and port wine.
5. Germany – Germany protects a range of traditional sausages, beers, and breads.
6. Greece – Famous for feta cheese, olives, and wines.
7. Belgium – Beyond its renowned chocolates and beers, Belgium protects specialties like Herve cheese and regional breads.
8. Austria – Austria protects a range of traditional cheeses, cured meats, and pastries.
9. Croatia – Croatia has specialties like Dalmatian prosciutto and Pag cheese.
10. Poland – Known for its smoked cheeses, sausages, and traditional breads.

The surge in consumer interest in authentic, locally produced food has accelerated efforts to recognise and protect regional specialties worldwide. Organisations like the EU and others provide frameworks to help producers certify their foods, while educating consumers about their significance. As we continue to savour these unique flavours, let’s remember the importance of protecting and celebrating the heritage behind them!